![]() I also really like how stretchy they are. These bamboo sheets, however, are great at moisture-wicking and left me feeling dry and cool. Typically if I sleep in my birthday suit in regular cotton sheets, they fail at wicking moisture away, leaving me a sweaty sleeper. We think they are the best bamboo bedsheets available. Made with 100% bamboo rayon, they're ultralight, breathable and silky soft. If you're somebody who likes the feel of silky smooth bedsheets, but dislike how unbreathable and warm silk sheets can be, the Regulator set from MySheetsRock may be a great solution. Sizes: Twin, Twin XL, Full, Queen, King, California King, Split King Includes: Fitted sheet, flat sheet, two pillow cases We also think they offer an affordable price tag for how soft and luxurious they feel. Sheets & Giggles sheets come in eight solid colors and three striped patterns, ranging from gray and blue shades to deep purple. "I could live in these sheets," she added. These sheets "brought me the best sleep of my life," said CNET How-To Editorial Director Jessica Dolcourt, who bought and tested three other sheet sets before finding this lyocell set. Made from eucalyptus, these ultrasoft sheets sleep cool and comfortably, without building up body heat overnight. ![]() Unlike other sheets for hot sleepers, the Sheets & Giggles lyocell sheet set doesn't sacrifice silkiness for a crisp, cool touch. Sheets & Giggles eucalyptus sheets are our pick for the best cooling sheets. ![]() If you're a hot sleeper, the last thing you want is a sheet set that slowly roasts you all night.
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![]() Visit the Groves Golf Course website for an Arthur Hills executive golfing experience. Taught by the finest PGA Professionals in the area, SchiavettaGolf Academy provides a variety of golf schools and private/semi-private golf lessons for novice and accomplished golfers. Not Allowed - Halter tops, tank tops, tee shirts, cut-offs, sweatpants, warm-up suits not designed for golf, blue jeans/denim, swim wear, tennis dresses, cut-offs, gym shorts, or other athletic shorts. The SchiavettaGolf Academy at Evie’s Golf Center in Sarasota, Florida offers year-round instructional programs. Caps are to be worn only with the brim facing forward.Īllowed - Dresses, skirts, slacks, Capris, skorts, Bermuda/Golf shorts, and golf shirts which can be sleeveless. Not Allowed: Tank tops, tee shirts, mesh shirts, sweatpants, warm-up suits not designed for golf, swim wear, short shorts, cut-offs, gym shorts, blue jean/denim, tennis outfits or other athletic shorts.Ĭaps/Hats- Permitted in the Pro Shop and outside dining areas and Centre Court Lounge. Golf shirts with sleeves, golf turtlenecks or mock turtlenecks, slacks or Bermuda/Golf shorts. Conveniently located in Sarasota on Floridas southwest coast within a one-hour drive of 3 international airports and 10. Shoes are mandatory.Īllowed: Clothing worn by players shall be consistent with currently accepted golf fashion. All players must wear soft spike golf (athletic) shoes. If you are in doubt about your attire, please check with a Club Golf Professional. Call us Tues-Fri to reserve a Fitting 35. Gregg can also accompany you on your golf rounds if you choose to make use of the course. At The Villages Golf Academy at Palmer Legends(1625 Palmer Way, next to the Driving Range) Full Service Performance Fitting Studio. Links on Longboat is lined with 5,000 Palm trees and pink and white Oleanders and accented by rich natural Florida wildlife and greenery.The dress code is intended to respect the best traditions of this wonderful game and is mandatory for all guests using The Highlands and Groves courses/practice facility. Golf lessons at The Preserve make use of the driving range, practice tees, practice putting green, and chipping areas. ![]() Each green has been completely reshaped to Ron’s creative vision and all 18 holes have been re-grassed with premier salt tolerant Platinum Paspalum grass. Fewer bunkers and more grassed collection areas allow for an easy pitch to the hole even if you’ve missed the green. Our innovative new Ron Garl design challenges your iron play but does not punish you for an errant shot. Once you have driven your ball in a good fairway position, the fun really starts. A beautiful day at Sarasota Driving Range in The Villages. Many of our holes feature small waterways that flow along one side of the fairway to prompt you into a placement decision. Driving Range Hours: Summer and Fall: 6:45 AM - 6:00 PM Winter and Spring: 6:45 AM - 5:00 PM. The course’s Par 71 layout demands accuracy off the tee. Sarasota Golf Practice Center (Aqua Range) MATS ONLY Monday: 7am to Dusk Tuesday: 7am to 5pm - Range closes at 5:30 for Maintenance Tuesday Range Attendant. Links on Longboat measures 6,748 yards from end to end with five sets of tees to accommodate any level of play. Expansive natural areas and wide greens meet soft Gulf breezes for a restorative golfing experience. Once known as the Islandside Course, Links on Longboat was redesigned by Ron Garl in 2014 to great acclaim. This Kit includes all mechanical components to convert the engine to Velocity Stacks. From intake conversions to handling upgrades, they have innovated and tested in real world environments to bring you high performance components. PSDesigns is an enthusiast based company that specializes in niche performance upgrades. *** SMG Vehicles also require a CSL SMG Reservoir, available separately.*** ![]() Our recommended map is a TTFS Remote Tune - Also available through our website** ![]() **The conversion REQUIRES an ALPHA-N MAP, similar to a CSL airbox, IAT (intake air temperature) Sensor and wiring harnessįitting Instructions and after sale support This Kit includes all mechanical components to convert the engine to Velocity Stacks.Ħ Carbon Fiber Intake trumpets (Velocity Stacks) finished in lacquered carbon fiber or painted in a color of your choice (heat resistant paint and lacquer) Using a larger radius, like 3/4", broadens out the resonant pressure wave rpm range, but the compression boosting pressure wave is greatly diminished and almost unnoticed by the engine.PSDesigns' increasingly popular S54 Velocity Stack Conversion, the most complete conversion available for the BMW S54 Engine, as found in several BMW M Cars including the E46 M3 and the Z4M. In the real world, on high-rpm IR IC engine, using a minimum amount of inlet radius gives the best wave strength and a power boost of 2% to 4% over a 3000 to 3500 rpm range. Because the greatest losses to flow occur near the valve seat, actual overall gain from any improvement of the entry flow would be much less. There probably isnt much difference between using an air cleaner and jetting for it or using open velocity stacks and jetting for them. This means that total engine airflow would not increase by the amount suggested by these figures, which apply only to the entry alone, as the inlet end is never the smallest or most restrictive part of the system. There is always some attempt to provide some radius at the entry. : TJ BRUTAL CUSTOMS Velocity Stack Dual Carburetor Engine Air Filter - Lightweight Aluminum Dual Carb Motorcycle Velocity Stacks - Fits Honda Shadow VLX, VT600 & VT750 (Pack of 2, Matte Black) : Automotive Automotive Motorcycle & Powersports Parts Fuel System Carburetors 13298 14.99 delivery May 22 - 23. In practice these latter types of entry are never used for engine intakes. The flow coefficient of a perfect entry would be 1.0 while the coefficient for a sharp edged entry would be 0.6 and a re-entrant plain pipe 0.5. The acceleration of air flow into a duct is inherently a highly efficient process and the difference between even the crudest radius inlet, and the most aerodynamic shape possible is slight, amounting to no more than a few percent. A longer inlet pipe will create a later intake pressure wave that will help keep the air in the chamber until the intake valve closes. but, it is actually that the intake valve is closing too late and the combustion chamber is simply overfilling and blowing back out the intake port, before the intake valve closes. ![]() It is commonly related that "stand off" (air-fuel mix that gets pushed back out of the port, usually at full throttle / low rpm) is somehow captured by installing a longer intake pipe (stack). Most current aftermarket stacks are designed to be run "in" the airbox and a company that does research well will have some applications that have all the same length and some applications that have differing lengths of stacks on different cylinders. The length of the stack is known to have a direct effect on a particular engine's boosted power range. A properly tuned intake tract produces a rather audible intake noise under high airflow conditions - that is commonly "untuned" to allow the vehicle to pass EPA and DOT noise regulations. OEM automotive manufacturers have many regulations to adhere to. In amateur and professional racing, aftermarket velocity stacks are often used, as rules allow, and gains in the order of 2% to 4% can be obtained when inlet radii and stack lengths are optimized for that engine. Modern fuel injection systems with a plenum and single air inlet typically incorporate some sort of radiused entrance, designed to improve power, based on air flow increases. Modified engines often have the original air box and associated ducting removed and velocity stacks are installed as accessories. Modern engines universally have tuned intake tract volumes and associated resonance frequencies, designed to provide higher than atmospheric intake air pressure while the intake valves are open - increasing the density of the trapped air in the combustion chamber (higher compression). ![]() ![]() Toronto has been a team other franchises in the league are watching to see what direction it goes. Nurse has since been hired to coach Joel Embiid and the Philadelphia 76ers. Rajakovic replaces Nick Nurse, who led Toronto to its only championship in 2019 but was let go after missing the playoffs this season. He has since been on the Oklahoma City and Phoenix bench before joining Taylor Jenkins staff in Memphis. He started coaching at age 17 in his native Serbia - it’s a good week for Serbian sports - and came to the United States in 2012 to coach Tulsa in the G-League. Rajakovic, 44, is an assistant near the front of the line of guys who deserved a chance in the big chair, a guy considered a player development specialist. The Raptors will hire Memphis Grizzlies assistant Darko Rajakovic as its next head coach, a story broken by Adrian Wojnarowski of ESPN and confirmed by multiple reports since.ĮSPN Sources: The Toronto Raptors are finalizing a deal to hire Memphis Grizzlies assistant Darko Rajakovic as the franchise’s next coach. Toronto is leaning into a first-time head coach, albeit one that has been ready for the chance. The Hawks took a 91-90 lead on Huerter’s layup and held on for a 105-100 lead going into the final quarter. He has scored 29 or more points in 16 straight games to tie Dominique Wilkins’ team record, set between December 1985 and January 1986. Young had 29 points and nine assists in the first half. The Blazers reclaimed the lead and went up 58-46 on Nassir Little’s 3-pointer. Atlanta perked up after its sluggish start, taking a 37-36 lead on Delon Wright’s 3-pointer. Portland jumped out to a 18-7 lead midway through the opening quarter. He finished with 21 points and 12 rebounds.īlazers coach Chauncey Billups also was back on the sideline after missing three games. The team was also still missing backcourt teammate CJ McCollum because of a collapsed lung.īut Nurkic, the starting center, returned from the protocols for the game against the Hawks, announcing his availability personally via Twitter. The Blazers were without Lillard because of abdominal tendinopathy, which has bothered him since the Olympics. The Hawks were coming off a 121-118 win in Cleveland on Friday that snapped a three-game losing streak. Joe Prunty took over in McMillan’s absence. At one point, Atlanta was without a league-high 12 players. But six Hawks players were available to return from protocols for the game against the Blazers, including Sharife Cooper, Danilo Gallinari, Kevin Huerter, Timothe Luwawu-Cabarrot, Onyeka Okongwu and Delon Wright.įive Hawks, including Bogdan Bogdanovic, remain in the protocol. Jusuf Nukic made a layup and added a free throw to make it 130-125 and Portland held on for the win.Ītlanta coach Nate McMillan entered the league’s health and safety protocol on Saturday. Young came down hard on the court after an attempted layup with less than a minute left, but recovered to make a pair of free throws that closed the gap to 127-125. Simons’ floater extended the lead to 118-111, but the persistent Hawks kept it close down the stretch. Portland trailed at the start of the final quarter, but took a 112-107 lead after Ben McLemore’s layup and Nassir Little’s 3-pointer with 7:43 left. After missing Portland’s last game, Simons started in place of All-Star Damian Lillard, who was out because of injury management. Simons had a career-high nine 3-pointers, the most for a Portland player this season. 31, 2016.Ĭareer-high 56 PTS despite Atlanta's loss. Young became the first player with 50-plus points and 14-plus assists in a game since James Harden with the Houston Rockets on Dec. Golden State’s Stephen Curry and Boston’s Jaylen Brown have had 50-point games this season. His 56-point game eclipsed Kevin Durant’s 51-point performance for the Nets at Detroit on Dec. Young shot 17 for 26 from the field, 7 for 12 from 3-point distance and 15 for 15 from the line for his career-high scoring total, and added 14 assists. Anfernee Simons had a career-high 43 points and the Portland Trail Blazers overcame an NBA season-best 56 points by Atlanta’s Trae Young, snapping a four-game losing streak in a 136-131 win over the Hawks on Monday night. ![]() Check out the features Free & Open Source Free to Use. More creatives are getting access to powerful tools as technology continues to develop. 277MB macOS, Linux, and other versions Looking for Blender LTS Fully Featured Whether you do animation, modeling, VFX, games, you name it. However, that is slowly changing more and more as Blender grows. There were many talks offered at Blender Conference 2022 and you can check them out here, as well.īlender is definitely growing in popularity, and the community is a key part of that, but it still maintains its "outsider" cred. (G.A.) Blender is a professional, free and open- source 3D computer graphics software toolset. If you missed the conference, you can check out the Blender Conference 2022 Recap. Blender animation software Hyperlink Aayushi Jain b.sc. The add-ons will remain free, which is great news. Now you'll be able to go to one place, sort of an "app store," and find the add-on you need. But it's a little bit too scattered, making it difficult to easily find an add-on to use on a specific project or in general. It supports the entirety of the 3D pipelinemodeling, sculpting, rigging, 3D and 2D animation, simulation, rendering, compositing, motion tracking and video editing. The Extensions Platform will allow Blender to control the add-on market, which has grown to over 26,000. Blender is the Free and Open Source 3D creation suite. ![]() They add more features to the app and help enhance and even speed up workflows. Blender is free and open software used by multiple graphics and VFX artists to bring their imagination to the visually realistic world on the screens in 2D. Add-ons in Blender are arguably nearly as important as the software itself, and many users and the developers themselves all agree that they make Blender a terrific app to use. Blender is an open source 3D creation suite that supports the 3D pipeline, modeling, rigging, animation, simulation, rendering, compositing, and motion tracking. Operations, Peter Howard, ME, Peter Derosier, NY, Jim Member was an Eagle Scout and three of the thirteen were sons of professional Scout In early June the staffĪrrived with just a few short weeks to set up a High Adventure Base for a July lst Instead of building a tent city on Birch Point, we had buildings that could beĪdapted to our use. The development and became Chairman of the Maine High Adventure Advisory Committee. High Adventure by John Sinclair, President of Seven Islands Co. Money, $35,000 came from a grant that Wadsworth had to develop the Maine High Adventureīase. Weeks, arrangements to buy were completed. To make a long story short, Wadsworth flew up the next day from the National to discuss possibilities: Financial, Physical and Practical. I drove to Patten and telephoned High Adventure Director Bill Wadsworth in Newīrunswick N.J. Was delighted to discuss a possible sale of the buildings. , and walked into the Camp to sound out Ray Pridgeon. ![]() I immediately had the bulldozer take a long break, while I drove to Fosters He indicated that he had just come from aĬonversation with a discouraged Ray Pridgeon, who had purchased the Matagamon SportingĬamp from the Fosters a year earlier. Of thinking for this fledgling operation. He said to me, Bud, just maybe that road is Lived on the lake we had talked about our hopes and plans. Out of the woods walked Chubįoster, former owner and operator of Fosters Matagamon Sporting Camp. We had decided to build a tent city to house ourįirst year of operation. The History of Maine High Adventure Part 2. Honeymoon so he could fish the West Branch of the Penobscot River in 1948 this was the What a challenge? For a guy who had sneaked his fly rod on his That is another story to be told.ġ971, I was given the opportunity and the responsibility for setting up and operating the MAINE-MATAGAMON High Adventure program in Maine. Was President of the Seven Islands Land Co, at the time. Whos foresight, inspiration and dedication made this happen is John Sinclair, who Maine would be the first Base in the new National High Adventure scheme. Of 1970, the BSA, created a National HighĪdventure Committee within the Camping DivisionĪnd Bill Wadsworth became National Director of High Adventure a nd John Donnell became Chairman of the new committee. Use and the environmental training provided to the participants is beneficial to all. On the basis that the operation of the High Adventure Program represented good multiple These landowners offered the use of their properties in partnership with the BSA Regional canoe bases, who owned nearly 10 MillionĪcres were willing to share the use of their lands with the BSA made Maine High Adventure ![]() National Council began working on a National plan toĭevelop a series of High Adventure Bases around the country that could provide bold,įor older Scouts and Explorers. several visits were made by National BSA peopleġ969, I became the Scout Executive of the KAC And it was about this time that the The program grew as the years went by, annual trips increased, volunteers built the Poleīarn and the hope that the National Council, BSA, might take over the operation wasĮvident. The early program consisted of one extended canoe trip a year canoeing the The program operated from a Base Camp at Birch Point located on Grand Lake ![]() 1960s, The Katahdin Area Council, BSA, initiated a high adventure type program under ![]() Pour in the dry red wine and, using a wooden spatula, deglaze the instant pot by scraping any browned bits from the bottom of the cooker. Stir in the garlic and continue cooking for a further one minute. Remove browned beef from the cooker and transfer it to a plate.Ĭook, stirring occasionally, for about 3-4 minutes. Heat 2 tablespoons olive oil in an electric instant pot turned to saute mode.Īdd seasoned meat and brown on all sides for about 5 minutes. Season the beef generously with salt and black pepper. In a cheesecloth bag, combine thyme sprigs, pickling spices, and bay leaves. 1 large yellow onion, peeled and sliced.salt and freshly ground black pepper, to taste.Slow Cooker German Sausage and Sauerkraut in BeerĮasy Crock Pot Beer Brat Sandwiches Recipe The Instant Pot has a high-quality stainless steel inner pot with three layers: an aluminum core sandwiched between two stainless steel layers for even heating and superior heat conductivity. It also allows you to cook at lower temperatures which preserves more vitamins and nutrients in your food than other cooking methods do. It can cook up to 70% faster than conventional cooking methods such as roasting or baking. The Instant Pot is easy to use and it makes cooking healthy meals quick and simple. It has all the functions of a pressure cooker, slow cooker, rice cooker, steamer, and more. It is a multi-functional kitchen appliance that does the job of several appliances in one. What are some of the benefits of making German Sauerbraten in the Instant Pot? This cut of beef has a lot of connective tissue so it holds up well when boiled for hours to make the dish. There are many different cuts of beef that can be used to make Sauerbraten, but the most common one is the round roast. It can be either boiled or roasted in the oven, and it is typically served with red cabbage and potatoes. Sauerbraten is a traditional German dish that is made from a marinated piece of beef. What cut of Beef is Better to Use to Make Sauerbraten? It was originally made with beef but nowadays it can also be made with other meats such as lamb or pork. The German sauerbraten has been around since the 18th century. The meat is then browned in the pan and cooked with red wine until it becomes tender. Sauerbraten is a traditional German dish that consists of a pot roast that is marinated in vinegar and spices, such as ginger, cloves, and pepper. It is a great dish to serve a large family or a crowd at a potluck. This German sauerbraten is a traditional braised beef dish that’s usually prepared on the stovetop for hours. Only one of those uses Utopia for what it actually does, though. It was a card you wanted to use to stall until you can get into a good position, if not win the game, when it was first released and now you use it to win ASAP with Utopia Double, use a Rank-Up-Magic to summon a Number C39 form, discard a Rank-Up-Magic for Utopic ZEXAL, or just slap a Number S39 on top of it. They know you don’t want Utopia on the field for long though, because if it is attacked when it doesn’t have Xyz Materials, Utopia destroys himself and this will allow a replay to occur and for you to take a direct attack if Utopia was your only monster. Those are only if you aren’t running a dedicated Utopia Deck. If not that, then you’re using this to climb into Number S39: Utopia the Lightning. This effect funny enough is used more now to negate Utopia’s own attack to get off Double or Nothing to go for an OTK with Number 39: Utopia Double. A Negate Attack on legs you don’t have to draw is ok, far better when Xyzs were brand new and we didn’t have much options. Its effect is that when a monster declares an attack, you can detach a material from this card to negate an attack. The summoning requirements are any 2 Level 4 monsters, which is probably the easiest thing to do in the game. The protagonist stats are honestly impressive on a Rank 4, plus being a LIGHT Warrior is nice. Utopia is a Rank 4 LIGHT Warrior Xyz with 2500 ATK and 2000 DEF. ![]() Continued abuse of our services will cause your IP address to be blocked indefinitely.Who is ready for the ace monster that has more forms than the Number archetype actually has Numbers, even after Numbers 1-4 arrive? Ok, that’s an exaggeration, but this card has tons of forms. Please fill out the CAPTCHA below and then click the button to indicate that you agree to these terms. If you wish to be unblocked, you must agree that you will take immediate steps to rectify this issue. If you do not understand what is causing this behavior, please contact us here. If you promise to stop (by clicking the Agree button below), we'll unblock your connection for now, but we will immediately re-block it if we detect additional bad behavior. Overusing our search engine with a very large number of searches in a very short amount of time.Using a badly configured (or badly written) browser add-on for blocking content.Running a "scraper" or "downloader" program that either does not identify itself or uses fake headers to elude detection.Using a script or add-on that scans GameFAQs for box and screen images (such as an emulator front-end), while overloading our search engine.There is no official GameFAQs app, and we do not support nor have any contact with the makers of these unofficial apps. Continued use of these apps may cause your IP to be blocked indefinitely. ![]() This triggers our anti-spambot measures, which are designed to stop automated systems from flooding the site with traffic. Some unofficial phone apps appear to be using GameFAQs as a back-end, but they do not behave like a real web browser does.Using GameFAQs regularly with these browsers can cause temporary and even permanent IP blocks due to these additional requests. If you are using the Brave browser, or have installed the Ghostery add-on, these programs send extra traffic to our servers for every page on the site that you browse, then send that data back to a third party, essentially spying on your browsing habits.We strongly recommend you stop using this browser until this problem is corrected. The latest version of the Opera browser sends multiple invalid requests to our servers for every page you visit.The most common causes of this issue are: Your IP address has been temporarily blocked due to a large number of HTTP requests. ![]() In Climbing the Tower of Success!, a Chandelure attacked Iris during the Wishing Bell Festival contest. Chandelure reappeared again in a fantasy in A Surface to Air Tag Battle Team!, and in a flashback in Survival of the Striaton Gym!. Both Pokémon went up against Ash and Cilan and defeated Tepig and Pansage. It reappeared in Lost at the Stamp Rally!, where it participated in a Tag Battle with Emmet's Eelektross. It helped Ash, Iris, and Cilan rescue their Pokémon from Team Rocket. There is a rumor that funerals were a constant occurrence for people that lived in homes that were illuminated by Chandelure in place of lights.Ĭhandelure in the anime Major appearancesĬhandelure debuted in Battle for the Underground!, under the ownership of Ingo. Chandelure is known to reside in rundown mansions. It is said that any spirits that get incinerated by Chandelure's flames end up losing their way and are forced to wander the mortal world forever. After hypnotizing its opponent by waving these flames, it absorbs the victim's spirit. These arms are tipped with purple fire.Ĭhandelure's flames do not burn their victims physically rather, they burn the victim's spirit. From a black spike below its head, black arms curl upward. There is a ring of small, black spikes on top of its head with a tall, purple flame in the middle. It has a striped, round head, and round, pupil-less yellow eyes.
![]() ![]() CH 4 and N 2O are emitted during organic sludge degradation by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in the POTW and receiving water body.SO 2 and NO x contribute to acidification and eutrophication. In 2013, energy-related emissions resulting from POTW operations, excluding organic sludge degradation, were 15.5 teragrams (Tg) CO 2-equivalents (CO 2e), 22.3 gigagrams (Gg) SO 2, and 12.7 Gg NOx.electricity use goes towards pumping and treating water and wastewater. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are associated with both the energy and chemicals used in wastewater treatment and the degradation of organic materials in the POTW. Wastewater treatment systems reduce environmental impacts in the receiving water, but create other life cycle impacts, mainly through energy consumption. Most is applied to agricultural sites, with minor amounts applied to forestry and reclamation sites (e.g., Superfund and brownfield lands) and urban area (e.g., maintaining park land). management practices amount to 54% of biosolids being beneficially used. Qualified biosolids can be beneficially used after “stabilization,” which kills pathogens and decomposes vector-attractive substances.16 Many of these chemicals are not removed by POTWs. 15 Some of these chemicals are endocrine disruptors, a class of compounds that alter the normal functioning of endocrine systems, including those that affect growth and reproduction. 14 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have become CECs due to their wide distribution and persistence in the environment. Classes of unregulated compounds known as “contaminants of emerging concern” (CECs) are a concern for water treatment engineers, particularly pharmaceuticals and personal care products.However, their production and transport have life cycle impacts. Chemical additions of ferric salts and lime enhance coagulation and sedimentation processes for improved solids removal as well as removal of toxic pollutants.However, this method can have higher maintenance, energy and capital costs. Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection is an alternative to chlorination that does not add chemicals to the water. ![]() Chlorination may be followed by dechlorination to avoid deteriorating ecological health of the receiving stream and the production of carcinogenic by-products. In the U.S., chlorination is the most common mean of disinfection. 9 Sludge requires significant energy to treat-about one-third of total electricity use by a wastewater treatment system. POTWs generate over 13.8 million tons (dry weight) of sludge annually.It has set ambitious goals to increase water recycling, with at least 1.5 million ac-ft/yr recycled by 2020, and 2.5 million ac-ft/yr by 2030. In 2015, California recycled roughly 714,000 acre-feet of water per year (ac-ft/yr).6 Use of reclaimed water for consumption is becoming more common, particularly in regions prone to drought or with growing water demand (such as the U.S. An estimated 14,748 POTWs provide wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal service to more than 238 million people.3 Failing septic systems may contaminate surface and groundwater. Over 16% of households are not served by public sewers and usually depend on septic tanks to treat and dispose of wastewater.Excess nutrients can come from agriculture, urban runoff, and wastewater treatment and cause water quality problems, such as algal blooms and fish kills.In the U.S., 58% of river and stream miles, 40% of lake acres, 17% of estuarine square miles, and 23% of Great Lakes shoreline miles that have been assessed by the U.S.Pollutants contaminate receiving water via many pathways: point sources, non-point sources (e.g., air deposition, agriculture), sanitary sewer overflows, stormwater runoff, combined sewer overflows, and hydrologic modifications (e.g., channelization and dredging).In addition, much of the existing wastewater infrastructure, including collection systems, treatment plants, and equipment, has deteriorated and is in need of repair or replacement. Despite the improvement in effluent quality, point source discharges continue to be a significant contributor to the degradation of surface water quality. Since the early 1970s, effluent water quality has been improved at Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) and other point source discharges through major public and private investments prescribed by the Clean Water Act (CWA). For many years, humans have treated wastewater to protect human and ecological health from waterborne diseases. |
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